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QED vacuum
The quantum electrodynamic vacuum or QED vacuum is the field-theoretic vacuum of quantum electrodynamics. It is the lowest energy state (the ground state) of the electromagnetic field when the fields are quantized.〔 When Planck's constant is hypothetically allowed to approach zero, QED vacuum is converted to classical vacuum, which is to say, the vacuum of classical electromagnetism.〔〔
Another field-theoretic vacuum is the QCD vacuum of the Standard Model.
==Fluctuations==
(詳細はof ) particles that manifest themselves in the apparent jostling of particles that is quite distinct from their thermal motions. These particles are ‘virtual’, as opposed to real, particles. ...At any given instant, the vacuum is full of such virtual pairs, which leave their signature behind, by affecting the energy levels of atoms.”
-Joseph Silk ''On the shores of the unknown'', p. 62
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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